Hardest Accounts Manager Interview Preparation Guide

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Purposes of maintaining control ledgers are:
★ Sundry Debtors
★ Sundry Creditors
★ Advances to Staff

The Money Behind a Letter of Credit.
A bank promises to pay on behalf of a customer, but where does the money come from? The bank will only issue a letter of credit if they know the buyer will pay. Some buyers have to deposit (or already have) enough money to cover the letter of credit, and some customers use a line of credit with the bank. Sellers must trust that the bank issuing the letter of credit is legitimate.

Generally there is no journal entry at the time when one receives a purchase order as this receipt of purchase order cannot be recognized as revenue at this point of time.
But under following circumstance there would be an entry:
when any advance is received:
Cash/ Bank Dr
Party account

A fund flow statement or a cash flow statement records the changes in monetary funds over a period of time, usually by comparing the latest position at balance sheet date with the corresponding monetary position a year ago.

There are various elements of business that affect fund/cash flow. These include such things as increased sales, reductions or increases in debtors, longer or shorter times in paying creditors, repayments of loans, etc., a summary of which should be shown on separate lines of the statement. It can start with a section listing the elements that contribute to an increase in cash, then the next section lists those items which have contributed to a decrease in cash.

Variance analysis in budgeting or management accounting in general is a tool of budgetary control by evluation of performance by means of variance between budgeted amount, planned amount or standard amt and the actual amt incurred/sold.
Variance can be carried out for both revenue & cost. Variance analysis hepls the management to know the present cost & then control the future cost.

Examples includes sale price variance, sales quantity variance, sales mix variance.

GPSD is a service daemon that monitors one or more GPSes or AIS receivers attached to a host computer through serial or USB ports, making all data on the location/course/velocity of the sensors available to be queried on TCP port 2947 of the host computer. With gpsd, multiple location-aware client applications (such as navigational and wardriving software) can share access to receivers without contention or loss of data. Also, gpsd responds to queries with a format that is substantially easier to parse than the NMEA 0183 emitted by most GPSes. The GPSD distribution includes a linkable C service library, a C++ wrapper class, and a Python module that developers of gpsd-aware applications can use to encapsulate all communication with GPSD.

Besides GPSD itself, the project provides auxiliary tools for diagnostic monitoring and profiling of receivers and feeding location-aware applications GPS/AIS logs for diagnostic purposes.

Suppose the Bank has granted the loan for specific project for example to invest in the additional capacity production of the company by investing in new equipment.Now the Compliance towards the corporation is to follow the procedure and make the budget plan,Financial Reporting,Accounting and Management Plan,Operational plan accordingly.Prior to Investment it has to take due consideration from the Municipality for Space Requirement for additional equipment,Lease Rent,Development fees,Permission fees and other charges.In case of Provincial Treasury budget for Increase in Treasury due to new Project according to compliance.

It is forecasting of expenses/income of company which can made by our past records or by some assumption.

Under cash system of accounting, transactions are recorded in books on the basis of their actual payment or receipt made.
Under the accrual basis of accounting, the transaction are record on their occurrence in the business regardless of actual payment or receipt is made, and recognizes the assets and liabilities accordingly. provisions are made for all known losses and obligations are recorded for the period to which it relates to in the books.

This is based on Company, In MNC's different works are done by different people but in small companies all accounting is done by accountant which includes Receivables, Payables, Banks,cash etc.

3 popular types:
★ Straightline
★ Declining balance
★ Sum-of-Years' Digits Method

A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy.

Finalization of accounts is preparing financial reports in comparison with briefing of companys financial reports. Which include Income ,Cash flows, Balance Sheet, Policies, disclosures, and Equity.

MIS report means Management Information System. MIS is prepared to know the day to day transactions of a company. Simply to know the position of the company ( profitability or loss).

Income(sales-export,domestic,job work)- Expenditure(manufacturing, administration,S & D,Financial expenses).

Aging Report is called Vendor wise & Customer Wise Outstanding - Report
Example : 30 days , 30 to 60 days and crossed 180 days... - Balance Report

Contingent Liability is the liability which may / may not occour in future... So, it is shown as notes rather then in balance sheet... Once, the liability become's real then it will recorded in books.

(A)asset side items are:
1. cash in hand
2. cash at bank
3. debtor
4. land ,building
5. prepaid expenses
6. bills receivable

(B)liability side:
1. capital
2. bank over draft
3. creditor
4. outstanding expenses
5. bills payable

Type of payment: Cash,debit card,credit card,gift certificate,money order,personal check,bill me later,paypal account,paypal alternative.

Deep is the decreasing the value of assets.

Depreciation is charged only on fixed assets because we are allocating the total expense of Fixed asset for many years.
Stock is a current asset generally used to sell with in a year only.
More importantly we show consumption of stock in Trading A/c through Cost of goods sold.
(i.e.,Opening stock + Purchase - Closing Stock)

That means Stock consumption expenses is already booked in Trading A/c hence we do not show again as expense by treating as deprecation.

When any foreign exchange (currency) comes to your bank account Bank wants confirmation from your side as per RBI rule i.e.-what is the purpose of this remittance means how and why got this money? Then You have to submit the purpose/amount/ bank account etc. to the bank.This is the procedure of giving disposal instruciton of remittance after this document you can ask to get FIRC.

Money set aside (as by a legislature) for a specific purpose generally for aquisitions by a firm.

Budget is the cost involved for the project right from start all tha cost regarding materials, men power, place, time to complete the the project with in a time frame and the cost involved it.
In budgeting, a detail study will be done from laying a plan, study the number of methods to do the task, the technology to be use, the alternative way or process, manpower required and their skill level and the time duration from raw material to finished goods convertion and the work in progress must be taken to account and life time of project and return from the project are calculated in black and white based on which decision are taken whether to do the project are not.