New Atmosphere Interview Preparation Guide

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There are three types of clouds:
☆ Cumuliform: Clouds formed by rising air in a convection.
☆ Stratiform: Clouds formed in layers from an inversion.
☆ Cirriform : Clouds made of ice crystals at high altitude.

The absolute humidity is the actual volume of water per volume of air. The relative humidity is how close to dew point a parcel of air is, for a given temperature.

The temperature at which a parcel of air can not contain more moisture without condensing. At that temperature, the relative humidity is 100 percent.

A large cumulus cloud formed from a strong convection of humid air. It causes rain and, sometimes, thunderstorms.

Jet streams are strong winds on the top of the troposphere that are caused by the sharp altitude change in the troposphere and the Coriolis force.

Because during fall and winter, the difference between tropical and polar air is much greater.

The separation between polar cold air and temperature mild air is called a polar front.

A cold front, being steeper, moves faster than a warm one and when they merge, they form what is called an occlusion front.

Air masses with a great difference of temperature between the surface and the troposphere.

A thunderstorm can happen in any condition, snow and even fog but it happens mostly during the summer when the sun is high and warms the surface.

1013 hPa or 29.9 Mg In.

Hail is rain that is taken upward by a very strong convection and it freezes before it falls back to the surface of the earth.

Prevailing west wind on the south side of the the polar front in the northern hemisphere. (north of the front, in the southern hemisphere).

When the air rises, either because warmer or because of the terrain is called a convection.

When the air is warmer aloft than on the surface is called an inversion.

The temperature sinks with altitude because of the adiabatic cooling of a lesser pressure aloft.

Substantial recovery of the ozone layer is expected near the middle of the 21st century, assuming global compliance with the Montreal Protocol. Recovery will occur as chlorine- and bromine-containing gases that cause ozone depletion decrease in the coming decades under the provisions of the Protocol. However, the influence of changes in climate and other atmospheric parameters could accelerate or delay ozone recovery, and volcanic eruptions in the next decades could temporarily reduce ozone amounts for several years.

Scientists expect to identify the recovery of the ozone layer with detailed ozone measurements in the atmosphere and with global models of ozone amounts. Increases in global ozone and reductions in the extent and severity of the Antarctic "ozone hole" will be important factors in gauging ozone recovery. Natural variations in ozone amounts will limit how soon recovery can be detected with future ozone measurements.

No, ozone depletion itself is not the principal cause of climate change. However, because ozone absorbs solar radiation and is a greenhouse gas, ozone changes and climate change are linked in important ways. Stratospheric ozone depletion and increases in global tropospheric ozone that have occurred in recent decades both contribute to climate change. These contributions to climate change are significant but small compared with the total contribution from all other greenhouse gases. Ozone and climate change are indirectly linked because both ozone-depleting gases and substitute gases contribute to climate change.

Yes, ultraviolet radiation at Earth's surface increases as the amount of overhead total ozone decreases, because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Measurements by ground-based instruments and estimates made using satellite data have confirmed that surface ultraviolet radiation has increased in regions where ozone depletion is observed.

Yes, as a result of the montreal protocol, the total abundance of ozone-depleting gases in the atmosphere has begun to decrease in recent years. If the nations of the world continue to follow the provisions of the montreal protocol, the decrease will continue throughout the 21st century. Some individual gases, such as halons and hydro chloro fluoro carbons (HCFCs), are still increasing in the atmosphere but will begin to decrease in the next decades if compliance with the Protocol continues. Around midcentury, the effective abundance of ozone-depleting gases should fall to values that were present before the Antarctic "ozone hole" began to form in the early 1980s.

Yes, the production of ozone-depleting gases is regulated under a 1987 international agreement known as the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer and its subsequent Amendments and Adjustments. The Protocol, now ratified by over 190 nations, establishes legally binding controls on the national production and consumption of ozone-depleting gases. Production and consumption of all principal halogen-containing gases by developed and developing nations will be significantly phased out before the middle of the 21st century.

Atmosphere is the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another plane.

Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere. Each ozone molecule contains three atoms of oxygen.

Yes, factors such as changes in solar radiation, as well as the formation of stratospheric particles after volcanic eruptions, do influence the ozone layer. However, neither factor can explain the average decreases observed in global total ozone over the last two decades. If large volcanic eruptions occur in the coming decades, ozone depletion will increase for several years after the eruption.