Microsoft Windows Question:

Main component of operating system are kernel and shell.

Shell is a interface between application program and kernel whenever application program wants some work to be done It contacts kernel and kernel inturn perform work with the help of device drivers .thus we can say kernel is an interface between hardware and shell.

Kernel uses device drivers to control microcontroller card of peripheral device and inturn work is being accomplished.

application program -> [shells ->kernel ->device driver -> controller card -> physical hardware]