Senior .Net Developer Interview Preparation Guide

Garbage Collector is an automatic process of memory release. When memory goes low, it goes through the Heap and eliminates the objects no longer in use. It frees up memory, reorganizes remaining threads and adjusts pointers to these objects, both in Heap and Stack.

☛ An abstract class can contain both public and private constructors, methods, and fields. On the contrary, the interface contains only methods and public properties.
☛ You can only inherit from an abstract class, but implement many interfaces.
☛ An interface defines behavior, something that the class that implements it can do. Contrary, an abstract class defines what the class is and what it represents.
☛ You can’t instantiate anyone.
☛ An abstract class is useful when creating components, making a partial initial implementation and a specific definition. This leaves you free to implement other methods.

Override is to overwrite the method with the same signature (parameters and return type) but different functionality. Overwriting requires a “virtual” declaration of the method.

On the other hand, overloading refers to coding several versions of the same method. Though the “virtual” declaration for a method is not necessary to overload, it requires a different signature (parameters and/or return value).

We use the “using” statement to make sure that we release the resources of the object in use. It always calls “Dispose of” when it finishes its block of code.

☛ .NET Standard solves the code sharing problem for .NET developers across all platforms by bringing all the APIs that you expect and love across the environments that you need: desktop applications, mobile apps & games, and cloud services
☛ .NET Standard is a set of APIs that all .NET platforms have to implement. This unifies the .NET platforms and prevents future fragmentation.
☛ .NET Standard 2.0 will be implemented by .NET Framework, .NET Core, and Xamarin. For .NET Core, this will add many of the existing APIs that have been requested.
☛ .NET Standard 2.0 includes a compatibility shim for .NET Framework binaries, significantly increasing the set of libraries that you can reference from your .NET Standard libraries.
☛ .NET Standard will replace Portable Class Libraries (PCLs) as the tooling story for building multi-platform .NET libraries.

Managed code is a code created by the .NET compiler. It does not depend on the architecture of the target machine because it is executed by the CLR (Common Language Runtime), and not by the operating system itself. CLR and managed code offers developers few benefits, like garbage collection, type checking and exceptions handling.

On the other hand, unmanaged code is directly compiled to native machine code and depends on the architecture of the target machine. It is executed directly by the operating system. In the unmanaged code, the developer has to make sure he is dealing with memory usage and allocation (especially because of memory leaks), type safety and exceptions manually.

In .NET, Visual Basic and C# compiler creates managed code. To get unmanaged code, the application has to be written in C or C++.

Inheritance is one of the most important concepts in object-oriented programming, together with encapsulation and polymorphism. Inheritance allows developers to create new classes that reuse, extend, and modify the behavior defined in other classes. This enables code reuse and speeds up development. With inheritance, developers can write and debug one class only once, and then reuse that same code as the basis for the new classes. The class whose members are inherited is called the base class, and the class that inherits those members is called the derived class. By default, all classes in .NET are inheritable.

It’s not possible, as the WebAPI runtime needs to know the method signatures in advance.

This .NET interview question tests candidates’ basic knowledge of collections. Along with stacks and queues in this category are hash tables, bags, dictionaries and lists. A stack keeps track of what is executing and contains stored value types to be accessed and processed as LIFO (Last-In, First-Out), with elements inserted and deleted from the top end.

A queue, on the other hand, lists items on a FIFO (First-In, First-Out) basis in terms of both insertion and deletion, with items inserted from the rear end and deleted from the front end of the queue.

This one should be easy for .NET developer candidates to answer. The question allows them some flexibility in choosing terms with which they are most familiar. Three frequently used acronyms in .NET are IL, CIL and CLI:

☛ IL stands for Intermediate Language, which is an object-oriented programming language that is a partially compiled code that .NET developers will then compile to native machine code.
☛ CIL stands for Common Intermediate Language, formerly known as Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). This is another programming language that .NET developers use, and it represents the lowest possible level for a language that humans can still read.
☛ CLI stands for Common Language Infrastructure. This is a compiled code library that Microsoft developed as an open specification. Developers use CLI for security, versioning and deployment purposes.