Physiology Interview Questions And Answers

Sodium hydroxide is a very caustic substance - severe burns on skin contact, can cause severe eye irritation and burning - can severely damage surface of eye causing blindness (permanent), severe burring on ingestion and inhalation.

Butane is a gas - it is very toxic if inhaled - acts like an anesthetic - can stop person breathing very quickly.

Diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether is less acutely toxic but does have long-term toxicity on various organs.

The cell would fire more for a line that fills its receptive field than for a shorter line. But unlike end stopped cells, it will not fire less for a very long line that extends beyond the receptive field.

The receptive fields of two on center ganglion cells are shown. In the previous diagram we saw that if all the receptive field were in the light or the dark there is little change in activity. This is because only the only part in the light is part of the inhibitory surround. The one on the top increases its activity. This is because only the only part not in the light is part of the inhibitory surround. Thus there is less inhibition of this cell.

The idea of adding acid/base is to change the lipid (and therefore organic solvent) solubility of the components you want to extract.

For example, a fatty acid is more soluble in water as a salt (and, thus, in basic conditions) whereas it is largely insoluble in water in its uncharged state (in acid conditions). So adding acid to the solution of fatty acid salt in water will render it water-insoluble and, thus, move it from the water to the organic solvent.

This is a standard extraction technique for organic acids and bases. Also, note that exact concentrations of acid/base need to be calibrated for each extraction.

Gel formation is difficult to deal with, as you cannot be sure of the extraction (difficult to mix and separate). We would suggest changing the method unless you can show a decent extraction or the description of the method says to expect a gel formation.

The intermolecular distance between the bonded atoms in a molecule is called bond length and the units are Angstrom units (A0)

Oxygen should have been given and has been rightly done. The cause of cessation of breathing could be due to a myocardial infection, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest and many other causes. Nothing can be said about it without investigative reports.

To be "bioequivalent" two preparations or drugs need to give the same biological effect.

The usual "experimental error" put on this is 20% - thus, 80-120% is considered "bioequivalent.?

90 percentage confidence interval means that statistically it is 90% certain that the results are equivalent.

Any drug that is designed to be given orally, i.m. s.c. or i.v. and acts on the brain MUST cross the blood-brain barrier.

E.g. Opiates, anxiolytics, SSRI's, anti-psychotics

Drug needs to be lipid (fat) soluble to cross the BBB.

Some drugs bind extensively to plasma proteins (Warfarin binds 99%) whereas others have virtually no binding.

Extraction depends on the type of drug - there are different standard techniques for acidic, basic, and neutral drugs - and, indeed, some drugs need specific extraction techniques.

It is important for you doing bioequivalence studies to know exactly the proportion of drug extracted but such controls are again specific for each drug and use specific marker compounds.

c2h6>c2h4 >c2h2

Answer is 90 degrees

The angle between the lines joining the nuclei of the bonded atom with a central atom is called bond angle.