Physiotherapy Interview Preparation Guide

Muscles are what we usually call flesh. They have the power
of contraction and consequently of expansion also. When a
muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and thicker like a
piece of India- rubber- its two ends coming neater each
other. Source of supply of energy to the muscle is the
combustion of the glucose supply to the muscle to the muscle
by blood and oxygen it carries with it
There ate two types of muscles
(a) Voluntary, and
(b) Involuntary.
(a)Voluntary:- Voluntary muscles are those with we can
contract whenever we wish it which we move at will. These
ate joined to the bones at either end by chords. When a
muscle of this kind contracts, it pulls one of the bones
towards the other. Since a muscle cannot ?push? , an
opposing muscle brings the bent bone in the straight position.
(b)Involuntary muscles :- Involuntary muscles are not
connected with any bones and we have no control over them.
The heart, the blood ?vessels, hair follicles the interior
of the eye, alimentary canal, bladder and uterus, the
respiratory organs inside the body al these are covered by
these muscles. They do their work not under the command of
man: hence they are involuntary muscles.

neurology

Put both hands together behide back head and push both
hands forward at the same time when pushing head backward.
This exercise increases strength at upper back muscle. Very
usuful exercise for people who have problem at cervical
spine.

There are several methods to increase ROM like; massage, manual therapeutic techniques, Passive movts, And, very important is: whatever the movt is achieved by the patient, ask him/her to do free pendular exercises.

A man can live without food for a few days, but without air
he cannot live even for five minutes. The moment he is born
he begins to breathe will continue to breath till he is
alive. During the process of breathing he draws some are
into his body and expels some. If this supply if air is cut
off, he is suffocated and dies.

The air we breathe in is taken
into the lungs through the wind pipe. The lunge are situated
in the chest-one in each side of the body. The air we breath
in contains oxygen to the extent of one-fifth of the volume
of air. The oxygen is dissolved in the blood and is carried
to all parts of the body. The oxygen combines with the
tissues and sets free the energy contained in them. The
combination of oxygen with a substance is known as the
process of oxidation, combustion or burning is going on in
the human body every moment of the life of a man-whether he
is awake or asleep. Heat is, of course, generated, but there
is no fire.

The whole system of
respiration can be summarized as follows :
(1) Pure blood received from the lungs is pumped by the
heart into the large arteries.
(2) Veins bring impure blood from various parts of the body
and pour it into the heart.
(3) The heart pumps it out into the lungs for purification.
Thus a cycle is formed and the process is automatic. Lungs
are the most important part of this system, because it is
they that purify the impure blood and discharge waste
products like carbon dioxide. The other parts of the
respiratory system are :
(a) the nose.
(b) The upper part of the wind-pipe which is modified into
the voice box known as larynx.
(c) The wind-pipe.
(d) The lungs.

All the cells in your body require oxygen. Without it, they
couldn't move, build, reproduce, and turn food into energy.
In fact, without oxygen, they and you would die! How do you
get oxygen? From breathing in air which your blood
circulates to all parts of the body.

You breathe with the help of your diaphragm and other
muscles in your chest and abdomen. These muscles literally
change the space and pressure inside your body to
accomodate breathing. When your diaphragm pulls down, it
not only leaves more space for the lungs to expand but also
lowers the internal air pressure. Outside, where the air
pressure is greater, you suck in air in an inhale. The air
then expands your lungs like a pair of balloons. When your
diaphragm relaxes, the cavity inside your body gets smaller
again. Your muscles squeeze your rib cage and your lungs
begin to collapse as the air is pushed up and out your body
in an exhale.

Yup. About 20 times a minute, you breathe in. When you do,
you inhale air and pass it through your nasal passages
where the air is filtered, heated, moistened and enters the
back of the throat. Interestingly enough, it's the
esophagus or foodpipe which is located at the back of the
throat and the windpipe for air which is located at the
front. When we eat, a flap -- the epiglottis -- flops down
to cover the windpipe so that food doesn't go down the
windpipe.

So -- back to breathing -- the air has a long journey to
get to your lungs. It flows down through the windpipe, past
the voice box or vocal cords, to where the lowermost ribs
meet the center of your chest. There, your windpipe divides
into two tubes which lead to the two lungs which fill most
of your ribcage. Inside each of your sponge-like lungs,
tubes, called bronchi, branch into even smaller tubes much
like the branches of a tree. At the end of these tubes are
millions of tiny bubbles or sacs called aleoli. Spread out
flat, all the air sacs in the lungs of an adult would cover
an area about the third of a tennis court.

They help perform an incredible magic act. Your air sacs
bring new oxygen from air you've breathed to your
bloodstream. They exchange it for waste products, like
carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body have made and
can't use.

With the help of the red blood cells in your bloodstream.
Your red blood cells are like box cars on train tracks.
They show up at the sacs at just the right time, ready to
trade in old carbon dioxide that your body's cells have
made for some new oxygen you've just breathed in. In the
process, these red blood cells turn from purple to that
beautiful red color as they start carrying the oxygen to
all the cells in your body.