Oracle Extract transform load (ETL) Interview Questions And Answers

A few more
- Cognos Decision Stream
- Oracle Warehouse Builder
- Business Objects XI (Extreme Insight)
- SAP Business Warehouse
- SAS Enterprise ETL Server

Along with the above, need to include the below tools --Informatica --Abintio --DataStage

Materialized view is a view in wich data is also stored in some temp table.i.e if we will go with the View concept in DB in that we only store query and once we call View it extract data from DB.But In materialized View data is stored in some temp tables.

Fact less table means only the key available in the Fact there is no measures available.

factless fact table means that contains only foreign keys with out any measures example:attendance report of employees in a particular company contains no measures only

You cannot lookup from a source qualifier directly. However, you can override the SQL in the source qualifier to join with the lookup table to perform the lookup.

If return port only one then we can go for unconnected. More than one return port is not possible with Unconnected. If more than one return port then go for Connected.

If you require dynamic cache i.e where your data will change dynamically then you can go for connceted lookup.If your data is static where your data won't change when the session loads you can go for unconnected lookups

Additve: A masure can participate arithmatic calulatons using all or any demensions.

Ex: Sales profit

Semi additive: A masure can participate arithmatic calulatons using some demensions.

Ex: Sales amount

Non Additve:A masure can't participate arithmatic calulatons using demensions.

Ex: temparature

A fact may be measure, metric or a dollar value. Measure and metric are non additive facts.

Dollar value is additive fact. If we want to find out the amount for a particular place for a particular period of time, we can add the dollar amounts and come up with the total amount.

A non additive fact, for eg measure height(s) for 'citizens by geographical location' , when we rollup 'city' data to 'state' level data we should not add heights of the citizens rather we may want to use it to derive 'count'

Data staging is actually a collection of processes used to prepare source system data for loading a data warehouse. Staging includes the following steps:

Source data extraction, Data transformation (restructuring),

Data transformation (data cleansing, value transformations),

Surrogate key assignments

A data warehouse can be thought of as a three-tier system in which a middle system provides usable data in a secure way to end users. On either side of this middle system are the end users and the back-end data stores.

One foolproof method is to maintain a field called 'Last Extraction Date' and then impose a condition in the code saying 'current_extraction_date > last_extraction_date'.

A few are ....
- Abinitio
- DataStage
- Informatica
- Cognos Decision Stream
- Oracle Warehouse Builder
- Business Objects XI (Extreme Insight)
- SAP Business Warehouse
- SAS Enterprise ETL Server

The Latest Version is 7.2

PowerCenter - ability to organize repositiries into a data mart domain and share metadata across repositiries.

PowerMart - only local repositiry can be created.

Aggregator Transformation
Expression Transformation
Filter Transformation
Joiner Transformation
Lookup Transformation
Normalizer Transformation
Rank Transformation
Router Transformation
Sequence Generator Transformation
Stored Procedure Transformation
Sorter Transformation
Update Strategy Transformation
XML Source Qualifier Transformation
Advanced External Procedure Transformation
External Transformation

ODS - Operational Data Store.

ODS Comes between staging area & Data Warehouse. The data is ODS will be at the low level of granularity.

Once data was poopulated in ODS aggregated data will be loaded into into EDW through ODS.

ETL tool is ment for extraction data from the legecy systems and load into specified data base with some process of cleansing data.

ex: Informatica,data stage ....etc

OLAP is ment for Reporting purpose.in OLAP data avaliable in Mulitidimectional model. so that u can write smple query to extract data fro the data base.

ex: Businee objects,Cognos....etc

Informatica allows end users and partners to extend the metadata stored in the repository by associating information with individual objects in the repository. For example, when you create a mapping, you can store your contact information with the mapping. You associate information with repository metadata using metadata extensions.

Informatica Client applications can contain the following types of metadata extensions:

Vendor-defined. Third-party application vendors create vendor-defined metadata extensions. You can view and change the values of vendor-defined metadata extensions, but you cannot create, delete, or redefine them.
User-defined. You create user-defined metadata extensions using PowerCenter/PowerMart. You can create, edit, delete, and view user-defined metadata extensions. You can also change the values of user-defined extensions.

The best procedure to take a help of debugger where we monitor each and every process of mappings and how data is loading based on conditions breaks.

There are various ways of Extracting Data from Source Systems.For example , You can use a DATA step, an Import Process .It depends with your input data styles. What kind of File/database it is residing in. Storing ur data in an ODS can be done thru an ODS stmt/export stmt/FILE stmt, again which depends on the file & data format ,You want your output to be in.

Rejection of records either at the database due to constraint key violation or the informatica server when writing data into target table.These rejected records we can find in the badfiles folder where a reject file will be created for a session.we can check why a record has been rejected.And this bad file contains first column a row indicator and second column a column indicator.
These row indicators or of four types
D-valid data,
O-overflowed data,
N-null data,
T- Truncated data,
And depending on these indicators we can changes to load data successfully to target.

Full Load: completely erasing the contents of one or more tables and reloading with fresh data.

Incremental Load: applying ongoing changes to one or more tables based on a predefined schedule.

When addressing a table some dimension key must reflect the need for a record to get extracted. Mostly it will be from time dimension (e.g. date >= 1st of current mth) or a transaction flag (e.g. Order Invoiced Stat). Foolproof would be adding an archive flag to record which gets reset when record changes.

ETL Tool:

It is used to Extract(E) data from multiple source systems(like RDBMS,Flat files,Mainframes,SAP,XML etc) transform(T) them based on Business requirements and Load(L) in target locations.(like tables,files etc).

Need of ETL Tool:

An ETL tool is typically required when data scattered accross different systems.(like RDBMS,Flat files,Mainframes,SAP,XML etc).

Yes, you can use advanced external transformation. for more detail you can refer the manual of informatica transformation guide in that advance external transformation. You can use c++ language on unix and c++, vb vc++ on windows server.

Yes,we can override a native sql query in source qualifier and lookup transformation.

In lookup transformation we can find "Sql override" in lookup properties.by using this option we can do this.