Mostly Asked Telecom General Interview Preparation Guide

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Trace route finds out when the packet has reached the
destination point by including a port number that is outside
of the normal range. When it is received, a "port
unreachable" message is returned, enabling trace route to
determine the time length of the final hop.

TCP is Transmission Control Protocol and connection oriented
protocol.
UDP is User Datagram Protocol and connectionless protocol.
use in stock market for information sending and receiving.

5- Layer architecture of the Internet:

Application (Layer 5)
Transport (Layer 4)
Network (Layer 3)
Data Link (Layer 2)
Physical (Layer 1)

Differences between wireless network and wired network:
(1) Wired network uses wires (e.g., twisted pair, coax,
fiber optic) as transmission
media in physical layer. Wireless network uses air waves,
which requires different coding,
modulation schemes.
(2) Interference and collision is much more severe in
wireless networks. Data link
layer in wireless network uses different techniques to avoid
collision and make sure data
was received.
(3) Wireless network needs to deal with device location and
handover in network
layer. In wireless ad hoc networks, routing can be different
than wired networks.
(4) No big difference between wireless and wired network in
transport layer.
(5) Application layer is unaware of the physical aspects of
the network. Application
layer in wired network supports services like FTP, SMTP etc.
One can also take the
physical layer characteristics into account when writing an
application.

different type of signalling in used betweeb two
exchanges. its depend upon type of exchange some exchange
used q sig between each other some excahnges used isdn
between exchanges. so many other type. there are five tyope
of signaling is being used in the world

Buffering is a method of overlapping the computation of a
job with its execution. It temporarily stores input or
output data in an attempt to better match the speeds of two
devices such as a fast CPU and a slow disk drive. If, for
example, the CPU writes information to the buffer, it can
continue in its computation while the disk drive stores the
information.

It is sampled at 8Khz as per Sampling theorem to reproduce
successfully in the other end.

Only Two Hops

The time taken for 1 satellite hop in voice
communication is 1/2 seconds

Bluetooth Works on 2.4 GHz

VSWR STANDS FOR VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO

THE RATIO OF THE MAXIMUM TO MINIMUM VALUE OF STANDING WAVE
PATTERN ALONG A TRANSMISSION LINE TO WHICH A LOAD IS CONNECTED.

IT SHOW HOW MUCH SIGNAL IS TRANSMITTED AND REFLECTED BACK.

USING SITE MASTER WE CAN MEASURE VSWR.
ITS RANG IS 1.00-1.30

make a server and check individual internet speed

Network operation center (NOC). NOCs are responsible for
monitoring the network for alarms like as power fail,
Service affected alarm (site down,LAPD OML fault, TRX close
HPA alarm etc)& communicate its field engineer to solved the
problem. if need any support for software base they provide
to recover the problem.

A Network Management System (NMS) is a combination of
hardware and software used to monitor and administer a
network. Communicate with NOC recover the Alarm.

NMS-->NOC-->Field Engineers=Solved the problem

as per the utilization of sector,we can configure the
sectors a,b,c like below combination...
if 1st sector utilization is high 4+2+2
if 2nd sector utilization is high 2+4+2
if 3rd sector utilization is high 2+2+4

43dbm/20Watt is the output power of one TRx.The total output power depends on the number of Trx.

2100 MHZ Not 2100 only

Because it is very low value which have less loss of signal and less interfernce.

Blackberry is a top most Brant & high speed internet using
cell phone on this cell phone available many more advanced
options so very comparable cell phone for every parson

BTS abbreviated for Base Transiever Station is a collection of transmission and reception card designed for routing of signals from end user to msc and vice versa.
There are many types of BTS depending on the manufacturing companies viz nokia,ericcsion, zte,huwai etc ...i've worked on a few so can tell u about them
in nokia there is practically 2,2,2/4,4,4/8,8,8 configuration but this may vary depending upon the traffic requirement of the circle. mostly composite configurations are used, like 2,3,3 or 2,2,4 etc.
these nos are nothing but no of trx cards in each sector , for example 2,2,2 is 2 trx cards in each of three sectors.
power consumption also is different for each type of BTS, for NOKIA's Flexi indoor BTS running on 222 config power requiremnt will be approx 48 watts per hour
typically on every BTS 48V is supplied with negative polarity.
feel free to mail me for any further doubts

generally height of an antenna is 45m to 70m accorading to
as par geographycal area hight........it is change from
area to area.........

3(HEIGHT UNIT)

there are 6 slots in ESMA , we can use all of the 6 while connecting 6 dtrx in 4,4,4 mode but if we want to add sectors then we will require ESEA for this we need to vaccant one slot to connect ESMA to ESEA, but ESEA has 12 slots so total 12+5 slots can be used

pwsb is known as power supply card and it is used for the power distribution to trx cards in case of ultra bts and dtrx cards in case of flexi bts

NOKIA BTS DIVIDE IN FOLLOWING UNITS:

1. POWER CARDS
2. BB2F
3. Trx
4. BOIA CARD
5. ALARM EXTENSION SYSTEM
6. RRI CARD
7. COMBINER
8. DUPLEXER

FC RRI Card
2. FC E1/T1 Card
3. FXC RRI Card
4. FXC E1/T1 Card
5. FXC E1 Card
6. Dummy Car
XC RRI,FXCE1/T1 two types of cards

1 RRI card,1 E1T1 card ,FIU card and TRX card depend upon
the configuration