Basic PeopleSoft Question:

Translate Tables: Tables which store static data like blood groups, days of the week, types of interviews etc. Data in translate tables do not change frequently.

Processing Tables: Tables which store default values which are pre defined values that the system inserts into a field on a particular page. These default values are inserted on the basis of other information the user keys in.

Control Tables: Control tables store information which define company structure and processing rules. Values stored in this field are used to validate the transactions the users perform. Eg., Lists of vendors, customers, departments etc. Data in the control tables are shared by multiple components are updated when there is re structuring in the organization. Values are generally static.

Transaction Tables: Transaction tables store day to day transactions. Eg.: Personal data of employee. These tables are more frequently updated.